GM 13468936 RELAY

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Several electrical accessories in the vehicle, such as the fuel injection system, horns, starter, and fog lamps, rely on relays to transmit electrical signals to their respective components. Relays function by using a low-current circuit (the control circuit) to open and close a high-current circuit (the power circuit), and if a relay becomes defective, the associated component will not operate correctly. Most relays are typically located in the engine compartment and interior fuse/relay boxes, with some models having fuse blocks or electrical centers beneath the rear seat or in the trunk. In case of suspected relay issues, they can be removed and tested using the procedure below or taken to a dealer service department or repair shop for evaluation. Faulty relays should be replaced as complete units. The majority of relays used in these vehicles adhere to the "ISO" relay type standards, with numbered terminals indicating their usual circuit connections and functions. These relays exhibit two primary terminal layouts. Two of the relay terminals serve as the control circuit and connect to the relay coil, while the remaining terminals function as the power circuit. When the relay becomes energized, the coil generates a magnetic field that closes the larger contacts of the power circuit, thereby supplying power to the circuit loads. Terminals 85 and 86 typically serve as the control circuit, with terminal 86 connected to battery positive (B+) voltage when a diode is present, and terminal 85 grounded. For relays containing a resistor, terminals 85 and 86 can be connected in either direction concerning B+ and ground. Terminal 30 is usually linked to the battery voltage (B+) source for the circuit loads, while terminal 87 connects to the circuit leading to the controlled component. In cases where the relay has several alternative terminals for load or ground connections, they are usually numbered 87A, 87B, 87C, and so forth. An ohmmeter is employed to examine continuity through the relay control coil. It is crucial to follow the polarity indicated in the illustration during testing, reversing the ohmmeter leads to check continuity in the other direction. The presence of a resistor in the relay should yield consistent resistance values in both directions, while a diode should exhibit higher resistance in the forward polarity direction compared to the reversed polarity. If the ohmmeter registers infinite resistance in both directions, the relay should be replaced. Additionally, the relay can be removed from the vehicle to assess continuity between its power circuit terminals, where there should be no continuity between terminal 30 and 87 when the relay is de-energized. By connecting fused jumper wires to terminals 86 and 85 and the positive battery terminal and ground, respectively, the relay should produce a clicking sound. With these jumper wires in place, a continuity check between the power circuit terminals should yield continuity between terminals 30 and 87. If the relay fails any of these tests, it should be replaced as necessary.