The exhaust oxygen sensor, or 02S, is located in the exhaust pipe and aims to measure the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas, Newer models of the sensor have a heated element different from the typical sensors. It functions to map the air/fuel mixture that is supplied to the engine, the oxygen that combines with the sensor to produce voltage, detectable by the ECM/PCM that ranges from 0.1 volt in high oxygen lean mixture to 0.9 volts in low lean oxygen. It is difficult to test the sensor when you don't have scan tools, and codes 44, 45 or 131-134 do not mean that the sensor is bad, as it can mean that such things as a dirty air filter of a vacuum leak. Due to the fact that the electrical pigtail and connector are installed permanently, contamination of this sensor is strictly prohibited. It is recommended that cleaning solvents should not be used and care should be taken not to damage the engines particularly if the actual temperature is less than 120F / 48C. There is a recommended application of a heat riser solvent every time the sensor is removed, and it should be changed after 30 000 miles The steps involved are finding the sensor, unclipping the electrical connector, applying of heat riser solvent and unscrewing the sensor. For installation, the new sensor's threads have to be protected by an electrically conductive anti-seize compound, and then the threads are to be tightened to 30 fl. lbs. Torque specified was confirmed without overtightening to 42 Nm and electrical connector was re connected in a way that the pigtail was not strained.