If you encounter a malfunction in the starting circuit, don't immediately assume that the starter is the issue. Begin by checking the
Battery Cable clamps for cleanliness and tightness at the battery connection. Inspect the battery cables and replace any defective ones. Test the battery's condition, and if it fails, replace it. Check the starter solenoid wiring and connections using wiring diagrams. Verify the tightness of the starter mounting bolts. Ensure that the shift lever is in PARK or NEUTRAL (automatic transaxle) or the clutch pedal is pressed (manual transaxle). For vehicles with automatic transaxle, check the adjustment of the Transmission Range (TR) switch, and for manual transaxle, ensure the clutch start switch is correctly installed. If the starter motor doesn't operate when the ignition switch is turned to START, check for voltage to the solenoid using a test light or voltmeter while an assistant turns the ignition switch to START. If voltage is absent, inspect the starting system circuit using wiring diagrams. If voltage is present but the starter doesn't work, remove it from the engine compartment and bench test it. If the starter turns over slowly, perform a starter cranking voltage and current draw test with the starter assembly on the engine. Observe battery voltage and current draw using an amp meter, making sure they stay within the correct range. If not, replace the starter with a new unit. To check the starter/solenoid assembly on the bench, connect jumper cables, apply battery voltage to the solenoid, and observe the movements of the solenoid plunger, shift lever, and pinion drive. Depending on the observations, identify whether the solenoid, starter motor, or starter/solenoid assembly is defective.