The balljoints on the two outer tie-rods and the central relay rod are connected by a tapered ball stud in a tapered hole, secured with a castellated nut and cotter pin. The outer tie-rods are tubular, internally threaded sleeve types, secured to the tie-rod ends with clamps and bolts. To remove the balljoint, first raise the front end of the car and remove the ball stud nut; sometimes the tapered studs pull out easily, but often they are wedged in place, requiring a gear puller or slotted steel wedges to separate the ball unit from the arm. Another method involves placing a hammer on one side of the hole in the arm and striking the opposite side to squeeze the taper out, ensuring the stud nut remains on the threads to protect them. Measure the length of exposed thread on each tie-rod end for reassembly, then release the pinch bolts from the clamps and unscrew the tie-rod end from the tie-rod sleeve. When installing new tie-rod ends, screw them into the sleeves the same amount as the originals. After installation, check the toe-in, paying attention to the position of the clamps if doing it yourself. If the balljoints on the central relay rod are worn, the relay rod must be replaced as an assembly, and the toe-in should be checked afterward. If the idler arm needs removal, disconnect it first at the frame mounting and then at the idler arm end using the same procedure as for other steering linkage joints.