Buick 24225896 Sensor Assembly, Vehicle Speed

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The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is an important component used by the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to determine the speed of the vehicle and control the Torque Converter Clutch (TCC). The location of the VSS varies depending on the model year of the vehicle. In 1992 and earlier models, the VSS is located behind the instrument cluster, while in 1993 and later models, it is mounted on the transmission rear extension housing. To remove the VSS in 1992 and earlier models, the instrument cluster needs to be removed first, followed by the VSS retaining screw. For 1993 and later models, the rear of the vehicle needs to be raised and supported on jackstands, the electrical connector needs to be disconnected, and the retaining bolt needs to be removed to withdraw the sensor from the transmission. The installation process is the reverse of the removal process, with the O-ring seal needing to be inspected and replaced if damaged, and the transmission fluid level checked and topped up if necessary.

After raising the vehicle, the electrical connector should be disconnected from the VSS.

Yes, the procedure for checking and replacing the output shaft speed sensor is similar to that of the VSS.

The camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor, depending on the engine type, should be checked for resistance and proper signal output.

The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is a permanent magnet generator mounted on the transmission. It is triggered by a toothed rotor on the transmission output shaft, producing an AC voltage that is proportional to vehicle speed. This signal is used by the ECM/PCM for various engine and transmission control functions, as well as driving the speedometer on the instrument panel. If the VSS is defective, it can cause driveability and transmission problems. To check the VSS operation, raise the vehicle and locate the sensor. Check the terminals and wires for any looseness or breaks, and repair as necessary. Back probe the two wire terminals of the VSS connector and connect a voltmeter set on the AC volts scale. With the ignition key on and the engine off, rotate one rear tire while monitoring the voltmeter. The sensor should produce a minimum of 0.5 volts, increasing as the transmission output shaft rotates faster. Turn off the ignition key and disconnect the electrical connector from the sensor. Use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance across the two terminals, which should be approximately 1,000 to 3,000 ohms at 68-degrees F. If the test results are incorrect, replace the VSS. To replace the sensor, raise the vehicle and disconnect the electrical connector. Remove the mounting bolt and withdraw the VSS from the transmission case. Replace the sensor O-ring and then reinstall the VSS, following the reverse of the removal process.

The PCM uses the VSS input signal for several different engine, transmission, and radio control functions.

Disconnect the electrical connector and remove the sensor mounting bolt. Place a drain pan underneath the sensor before removing it.

Check the level of the transmission fluid and refill it as necessary.

A scan tool is required to access speed sensor data and trouble codes.

The camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor, depending on the engine type, should be checked for resistance and proper signal output.

When installing the VSS, a new O-ring should be used, even if the old VSS sensor is being reused.

To install the VSS, the removal steps should be reversed and the VSS hold-down bolt (2WD models) or the VSS (4WD models) should be tightened securely.

The camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor, depending on the engine type, should be checked for resistance and proper signal output.

On 2WD models, the VSS hold-down bolt should be removed and the VSS should be taken out from the transmission.

A scan tool is required to access speed sensor data and trouble codes.

The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is a permanent magnet generator mounted on the transmission. It is triggered by a toothed rotor on the transmission output shaft. As the output shaft rotates, the sensor produces an AC voltage, the frequency of which is proportional to vehicle speed. The PCM uses the sensor input signal for several different engine, transmission and radio control functions. The VSS signal also drives the speedometer on the instrument panel. A defective VSS can cause various driveability and transmission problems. To replace it, raise the vehicle and support it securely on jackstands. Disconnect the electrical connector from the VSS. Remove the mounting bolt and withdraw the VSS from the transmission case. Replace the sensor O-ring and lubricate it with clean transmission fluid. Installation is the reverse of removal.

The VSS is triggered by a toothed rotor on the transmission output shaft.

Yes, the procedure for checking and replacing the output shaft speed sensor is similar to that of the VSS.

After raising the vehicle, the electrical connector should be disconnected from the VSS.

A scan tool is required to access speed sensor data and trouble codes.

The camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor, depending on the engine type, should be checked for resistance and proper signal output.

When installing the VSS, a new O-ring should be used, even if the old VSS sensor is being reused.

This manual covers models with various electric-shift transfer cases and different combinations of speed sensors.