GM 13598349 Relay

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Many electrical accessories in the vehicle, including components like the fuel injection system, horns, starter, and fog lamps, utilize relays to facilitate the transmission of electrical signals. Relays function by utilizing a low-current circuit (the control circuit) to open and close a high-current circuit (the power circuit). A defective relay can result in improper operation of the associated component. Most relays are situated within the engine compartment and interior fuse/relay boxes, with the primary fuse/relay panel located in the engine compartment, accessible by disengaging the locking tabs and removing the outer and inner covers. To diagnose a suspected faulty relay, it can be removed and tested using the procedure outlined below or by consulting a dealer service department or a repair shop, with the necessity of replacing defective relays as complete units. When testing relays, it's essential to consider the following information: Most relays used in these vehicles adhere to the "ISO" relay standard, indicating the International Standards Organization. These ISO relays feature numbered terminals designating their typical circuit connections and functions. There are two fundamental terminal layouts for the relays used in these vehicles, often labeled externally for ease of identifying the control and power circuits. Relay control circuits are typically represented by terminals 85 and 86, connecting to the relay coil, while the other relay terminals pertain to the power circuit. Upon relay energization, the coil generates a magnetic field that closes the larger contacts within the power circuit to supply power to circuit loads. Terminals 85 and 86 typically represent the control circuit, with terminal 86 connected to battery positive (B+) voltage and terminal 85 to ground in the presence of a diode; in cases with a resistor, terminals 85 and 86 can be connected in either direction with respect to B+ and ground. Terminal 30 is typically linked to the battery voltage (B+) source for circuit loads, while terminal 87 connects to the ground side of the circuit, either directly or through a load, often accompanied by additional terminals like 87A, 87B, 87C, and so on for load or ground connections. Using an ohmmeter, continuity through the relay control coil should be checked, ensuring proper polarity is observed during testing. Resistance should remain consistent regardless of the ohmmeter leads' polarity, and for relays with a diode, higher resistance should be recorded in the forward polarity direction. If the ohmmeter displays infinite resistance in both directions, relay replacement is necessary. Further testing involves removing the relay from the vehicle and using an ohmmeter to verify continuity between the relay power circuit terminals, with no continuity expected between terminal 30 and 87 when the relay is de-energized. By connecting fused jumper wires to terminals 86 and 85, and the positive battery terminal and ground, respectively, the relay should produce a distinct click when the connections are established. In this configuration, continuity should exist between terminals 30 and 87. Failure in any of these tests indicates the need for relay replacement.

In a relay, terminals 30 are typically linked to the battery voltage (B+) source for circuit loads, while terminal 87 connects to the ground side of the circuit, either directly or through a load. Additional terminals like 87A, 87B, 87C, and so on may also be present for load or ground connections.