The crankshaft can only be removed after the engine has been taken out of the vehicle, assuming that the flywheel or driveplate, vibration damper/crankshaft pulley hub, timing chain (for V6 engines), oil pan, oil pump, and piston/connecting rod assemblies have been detached. For engines with a one-piece rear main oil seal, the seal housing must be unbolted from the block prior to crankshaft removal. First, check the end play by mounting a dial indicator aligned with the crankshaft and touching one of the crank throws. Push the crankshaft to the rear and zero the dial indicator, then pry it to the front and note the reading, which indicates the end play. If the end play exceeds specifications, inspect the thrust surfaces for wear; if no wear is found, new main bearings may resolve the issue. If a dial indicator is unavailable, feeler gauges can be used by prying the crankshaft to the front and measuring the clearance between the crankshaft and the thrust main bearing. Check the main bearing caps for markings indicating their locations, numbering them consecutively from front to rear if necessary, and loosen the bolts gradually until they can be removed by hand. Gently tap the caps with a soft-face hammer to separate them from the block, using the bolts as levers if needed, and take care not to drop the bearing inserts. Finally, lift the crankshaft out of the engine, ideally with assistance, and return the bearing inserts to their positions in the block and main bearing caps, tightening the bolts finger tight.